CAPACITY BUILDING FOR PLANNERS, WATER MANAGERS AND WATER OPERATORS IN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN INDONESIA
Water resources are sensitive to variation in climatic pattern. Climate change is likely to intensify extreme weather event including droughts, floods and tropical storms. It is a fact in Indonesia that sustainability of freshwater is already threatened by severe watershed degradation, pollution, and over-allocation. Furthermore, climate change will aggravate these threats to a point of irreversibility if no counter measures.
The National Policy on Climate Change covers: (i) Mitigation Program and (ii) Adaptation Program. Target for Mitigation in 2020, is to decrease 26 % of greenhouse gases from condition of business as usual, as stated in Presidential Regulation No 61/12 about National Action Plan – Greenhouse Gas (RAN – GRK; NAP – GHG). From the content of the National strategy for learning on climate change, it can be seen that the target group of capacity building are mostly relating d to measures which tackle the drivers of climate change (mitigation) but very limited related to the impact of rapidly changing climate (adaptation). Because water is the primary medium through which climate change will impact people, ecosystem and economic, then the water resources management should therefore be an early focus for adaptation to climate change. Actions to implement proper water management are adaptation action. Achieving and sustaining water security broadly defined as harnessing water productive potential and limiting its destructive potential, provided a focus for adaptation strategies and a frameworks for action. For Indonesia which has not been achieved water security, climate change will compound the challenge to achieve it. Of course, to implement the adaptation strategy for addressing climate change impacts will require capable and competent human resources in the related agencies.
As in the schedule and framework of approach and methodology for this study preparation (“Guideline in conducting capacity building in addressing climate change impacts”), the above finding has been discussed in a combined focus group discussion (FGD) with related agencies staff in 11 December 2014. Other finding from the previous activity is that Ministry of Public Works through Directorate General of Water Resources almost finished in preparing “Strategy for Capacity Building on Water Resources Management in the form of Ministry of PW Regulation.
A preliminary and rough idea of the climate change adaptation capacity building guideline content among others are: capacity building will be limited to human resources capacity development for planner, water manager and operator in the government agencies; means to obtain the capacity is by training; pre-requirement for the trainee; who will conduct the training, availability of trainer, training course design. This study will be continued in 2015 to further drafting the Guideline for conducting Capacity Building, discuss the draft in the workshop with stakeholder and then finalized it.
DEVELOPMENT OF FRAMEWORK OF MODEL FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENT WATER RESOURCES INVESTMENT PLANNING TO PROTECT VULNERABLE SECTORS IN INDONESIAN RIVER BASIN BASIS
This Indonesia Water Partnership under WACDEP Project is aimed to mobilize activities such as study, situational analysis, and recommendations which will contribute to the achievement of a higher level of water security and climate resilience in River Basin level, through promotion of IWRM in collaboration with key strategic partners such as BMKG (National Board on Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical), universities research center on climate (ITB and IPB), RBO (BBWS Bengawan Solo and PJT I), Central and local governments (East Java and Central Java Provinces) aimed to foster investment planning to protect vulnerable sectors on river basin basis.
To address the issues several Focus Group Discussion (FGD) has been conducted in two groups, i.e., Group I with the BMKG, IPB (Center for Climate risk and Opportunity Management in Southeast Asia Pacific (CCROM-SEAP) in Bogor, ITB (Laboratory of Applied Meteorology) in Bandung, and Water Resources Research and Development Centre Ministry of Public Works (Puslitbang Air-PU) in Bandung. And Group II with Provincial Water Resources Service of East Java Province (Surabaya), of Central Java (Semarang), Solo River Basin Water Resources Management Unit (BBWS B. Solo) and Perum Jasa Tirta I- Unit B. Solo in Solo. The minute of these meetings and their attachments have been submitted to the Secretariat of InaWP.
DR. Armi Susandi of ITB has completed his report entitled “Development of Sea Water Rise Framework of Model to Support Climate Change Adaptation”. The Study Team also has finished the Initial Draft Final of the Study. The important feature of this initial report is that it addresses how to lay the foundation for effective adaptation and mitigation efforts in the water sector. The foundation for adaption consists of 5 principles, those are, (i) useable knowledge, (ii) no-regret investment, (iii) resilience, (iv) mitigation and adaptation, and (v) financing. These principles have to be carried in “end to end” partnership among main component of water resources stakeholders, as depicted in this figure.
This study will be continued in this year (2015) to further elaborate the 5 principles of adaptation and mitigation to climate change to be applied to Bengawan Solo river basin context. In addition to that framework model for hydro-climatological projection related climate change and its supporting climate observation networks will also be continued this year.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATIONAL GUIDELINE FOR CONDUCTING DEMONSTRATION PLOT OF EFFICIENT USE OF IRRIGATION WATER AND LOW EMISSION OF GHG USING SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) FOR VARIOUS CONDITION OF RICE FIELDS IN INDONESIA
SRI is as a set crop management practice for raising the productivity of irrigated rice by changing the management of plants, soil, water and nutrients. One of the important treatments of SRI is that standing water is not essential anymore instead the soil is kept just fairly wet and thus creating aerobic-anaerobic conditions during the cultivation period. This treatment gives distinct behaviors of water regimes allowing more proliferation of roots and the most important is capable to enhance the activities of soil micro-organisms.
The aims of development of rice farming by System Rice Intensification (SRI) Method are: 1) Efficiency in water use – by using the SRI method will conserve water; 2) Seed saving – in a single point of planting needed one seed, so that the formation of the plant bioreactor will be completely intact; 3) Save time – the age of the seeds used ranged from 7-10 days are categorized into young seedlings; 4) Can be done by both of organic and inorganic; and 5) Provide added value to the product – by replacing rice plants as usual (white rice) with red-rice varieties.
Paddy field are divided five blocks, block 1 (Situ Burung) about 7000 m2, block 2 (Cikarawang) about 8000 m2, block 3 (Kebun Percobaan IPB) about 2000 m2, block 4 (Leuwi Kopo) about 700 m2, and block 5 (Sukaraja) about 600 m2.
The initiatives to plant the red rice in SRI programme is expected to farmers who grow rice conventionally would be applied, due to the SRI system takes some of the advantages to be gained. Therefore, by using this system they get a product that has a higher value and will raise revenue. By the end of January 2015, the paddy field block 3 in Kebun Percobaan IPB have been harvesting and some of them were not harvesting yet. This study will be continued in 2015 to further drafting the Guideline for conducting planting with SRI Method, discuss the draft in the workshop with stakeholder and then finalized it.
Progress of the Project in 2016:
Indonesia Water Partnership introduced their result of project using SRI in Jakarta on 21st December 2016. About more than 30 participants were attending the workshop consist of representative of water resources stakeholders such as representative from ministries related to water resources development and management, among others Ministry of Public Works and Housing, ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, related provincial agencies, professional organizations and NGOs.
In this workshop, Dr. Chusnul Arif as a resource person introduced the SRI guideline book (Published by IPB Press and a Video of introduction SRI and its application in the field with the title “SRI: alternative rice cultivation, more rice, less water and low emission”.
Watch the Video here: